Highlights
- Genome sequencing is similar to fingerprinting the DNA code of an organism
- Viruses can mutate as these multiply after infecting a person: Experts
- By sequencing virus samples, researchers can look for prevalent strain
New Delhi: After over a year, SARS-CoV-2, the virus behind the COVID-19 pandemic continues to multiply, mutate and spread. Since the outbreak, researchers across the world have found multiple variants of coronavirus that differ from the one found in Wuhan, China in December 2019 which is considered to be the ‘original’ strain. In order to identify and know about the new strains that coronavirus mutates into, scientists are scanning samples from infected persons through a process called ‘genome sequencing’. While this method has been used for years to study organisms like virus, bacteria, plants, animal and humans, NDTV spoke to experts to understand how it can help in combating the COVID-19 pandemic.
Also Read: COVID-19 Vaccine FAQs Answered BY WHO’s Chief Scientist Dr Soumya Swaminathan
What Is Genome Sequencing And How Does It Work?
According to Dr Chandrakant Lahariya, epidemiologist and public health specialist based in Delhi, genome is the complete genetic material of an organism. It is like an instruction manual which contains information about the make-up of the organism, he said. While human genomes are made of DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid), a virus genome can be made of either DNA or RNA (Ribonucleic acid). DNA and RNA provide genetic instructions for growth and functioning of organisms. Coronavirus is made of RNA. Genome sequencing is a technique that reads and interprets genetic information found within DNA or RNA, said Dr Preeti Kumar, Vice President- Public Health System Support at the Public Health Foundation of India (PHFI).
Dr. Kumar further explained that genome sequencing or Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS) involves analysing the genetic code of an organism and is done with the help of powerful computers. While talking about the need for sequencing, she said,
As we know well that virus undergoes mutation, as they replicate. Mutation are tiny errors in the genetic code that occur during the duplication process. While some are harmless, others can bring about such changes in the virus that can make it more transmissible or deadly. So, it is important to keep a track of the genomic sequencing in order to check the virulence of the virus. As the number of differences between viral strains increase, it’s likely that the resulting viruses will also behave differently in terms of how fast it spreads, the kind of symptoms and the intensity of the disease it causes. The differences can be beneficial, harmful or inconsequential. Different variants can have different tendencies and may need new containment and treatment strategies.
Explaining the process of genome sequencing, Dr Rakesh Mishra, director of the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CSIR- CCMB), Hyderabad said that after a sample in the form of the swab is tested positive through RT-PCR (Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction) test, it can be sent to sequencing labs. He further said that researchers break open the virus’s cells, isolate the genetic material in the form of RNA from it, convert it into DNA and analyse it using technology. The RNA of SARS-CoV-2 contains almost 30,000 molecules with distinct physical and chemical properties. So, by looking at these molecules, scientists can determine the sequence of the genome for that virus. Then, they compare the final sequence with that of previous strains to check whether it is a new or an existing strain.
According to Dr Lahariya, genome sequencing help scientists find the exact location in the virus where a mutation has taken place. If the mutation happens in significant proteins of the virus like the spike proteins which helps it to infect the human cell, then the virus is likely to spread at a faster speed, he said.
Also Read: Most People Are Naturally Armed Against COVID-19, Study Finds
How Can Genome Sequencing Help Fight The Pandemic?
By analysing differences in the genetic code of viruses from different patients, scientists aim to identify the transmission of the virus in real-time and see if different strains are emerging and which strains are more dominating in a particular country or area, said Dr Lahariya. He further explained that the information on the genetic makeup of the virus can help build strategies for public health and clinical care as well as devising containment measures.
According to Dr Lahariya, genome sequencing is useful for identifying hotspots or superspreaders (individuals who transmit the infection to a larger number of people than expected). This information provides insights to the policymakers for planning targeted public health interventions.
An understanding of the viral genomic sequence can assist researchers in designing treatments and vaccines that target specific function of the virus and also helps in preparing for further changes in the virus as it mutates and evolves, said Dr Lahariya.
According to the Global Initiative on Sharing All Influenza Data (GISAID), the open genome repository for viruses that cause influenza and COVID-19, there have been almost 5.25 lakh SARS-CoV-2 genomes sequence studies till February 12. Dr Lahariya said that while there is no set standard for optimal number of samples that should be sequenced, there is a need to ramp up sequencing in almost every country including India as much as possible. He said that currently, the United Kingdom has been leading the world’s sequencing which is roughly 5 per cent of the positive samples while India is doing way less than 1 per cent.
Also Read: Why Did South Africa Stop AstraZeneca COVID-19 Vaccine Rollout, An Expert Explains
Genomic Surveillance for Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) In India
India started sequencing genomes of COVID-19 positive samples in the beginning of the pandemic itself. According to the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MoHFW), in order to further enhance the genome surveillance, the Government of India formed Indian SARS-CoV-2 Genomics Consortium (INSACOG) in December 2020 for centralised genome surveillance of the novel coronavirus in the country. Coordinated by Department of Biotechnology (DBT) along with MoHFW, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), and Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), the consortium brings together 10 labs from around the country with a cumulative sequencing infrastructural capacity of more than 25,000 samples a month.
According to the Genome Evolution Analysis Resource for COVID-19 (GEAR-19), a dashboard built by CSIR- CCMB, India has submitted 5,898 genome sequences till date which is only 0.05 per cent of the total number of cases in the country. The INSACOG, according to Dr Mishra, aims to increase the sequencing to 5 per cent in the coming months. For this, it has asked the labs to ensure that genome sequences are coming from all parts of the country and samples from all the people arriving in India who test positive will be sent for genome sequencing to know about mutations.
The World Health Organsiation has urged countries to expand sequencing studies to address the unknown strains of coronavirus. It explained that coronavirus mutation first found in the United Kingdom had spread to over 50 countries while the one found in South Africa has spread in over 20 nations. Another strain, from Brazil, is being analysed and could impact immune response, WHO said. Dr Matshidiso Moeti, Regional Director for Africa, WHO said while addressing a press conference,
Even if the new variant is not more virulent, a virus that can spread more easily will put further strain on hospitals and health workers who are in many cases already overstretched. This is a stark reminder that the virus is relentless, that it still presents a manifest threat.
Even if the new variant is not more virulent, a virus that can spread more easily will put further strain on hospitals & health workers who are in many cases already overstretched. This is a stark reminder that the virus is relentless, that it still presents a manifest threat. https://t.co/TL7neDudhG
— Dr Matshidiso Moeti (@MoetiTshidi) January 15, 2021
This is a defining moment in the pandemic. #HealthWorkers are exhausted, health systems are stretched & we’re seeing supplies of oxygen run dangerously low in some countries. We must #ACTogether as common humanity & rollout vaccines to health workers & those at highest risk. pic.twitter.com/UCVERZWxg7
— Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus (@DrTedros) January 15, 2021
WHO asserted that more the virus spreads, higher are chances of mutations and new strains to come up, so it is important to vaccinate a critical mass of people to break the chain of transmission at soon as possible and till then it is essential to follow preventive measures like social distancing, hand hygiene, wearing masks and taking the vaccine to avoid infections.
NDTV – Dettol Banega Swasth India campaign is an extension of the five-year-old Banega Swachh India initiative helmed by Campaign Ambassador Amitabh Bachchan. It aims to spread awareness about critical health issues facing the country. In wake of the current COVID-19 pandemic, the need for WASH (Water, Sanitation and Hygiene) is reaffirmed as handwashing is one of the ways to prevent Coronavirus infection and other diseases. The campaign highlights the importance of nutrition and healthcare for women and children to prevent maternal and child mortality, fight malnutrition, stunting, wasting, anaemia and disease prevention through vaccines. Importance of programmes like Public Distribution System (PDS), Mid-day Meal Scheme, POSHAN Abhiyan and the role of Aganwadis and ASHA workers are also covered. Only a Swachh or clean India where toilets are used and open defecation free (ODF) status achieved as part of the Swachh Bharat Abhiyan launched by Prime Minister Narendra Modi in 2014, can eradicate diseases like diahorrea and become a Swasth or healthy India. The campaign will continue to cover issues like air pollution, waste management, plastic ban, manual scavenging and sanitation workers and menstrual hygiene.
World
India
State & District Details
State | Cases | Active | Recovered | Deaths |
---|---|---|---|---|
DistrictCases Mumbai45,478 Thane13,660 Pune9,920 Mumbai Suburban5,363 Aurangabad1,974 Nashik1,575 Raigad1,462 Palghar1,421 Solapur1,291 Jalgaon1,039 Akola757 Nagpur692 Kolhapur646 Satara629 Ratnagiri350 Amravati291 Dhule228 Hingoli208 Jalna201 Ahmednagar190 Nanded176 Yavatmal150 Sangli145 Latur139 Osmanabad125 Sindhudurg114 Buldhana88 Parbhani78 gondia69 Beed54 Nandurbar42 Gadchiroli42 Bhandara41 Chandrapur32 Washim13 Wardha11 | 22,28,471 8,744 | 98,859 346 | 20,77,112 9,068 | 52,500 22 |
DistrictCases Kannur357 Kasaragod333 Palakkad224 Malappuram119 Kollam118 Thrissur106 Thiruvananthapuram104 Pathanamthitta98 Kozhikode90 Alappuzha76 Kottayam73 Ernakulam60 Idukki40 Wayanad36 | 10,78,739 1,412 | 39,532 1,630 | 10,34,895 3,030 | 4,312 12 |
DistrictCases Udupi1,176 Kalaburagi669 Yadgir538 Bengaluru Urban529 Raichur369 Mandya346 Belagavi337 Bidar219 Hassan205 Davangere204 Vijayapura201 Dakshina Kannada179 Chikkaballapura149 Mysuru107 Bagalkote103 Uttara Kannada95 Shivamogga67 Dharwad61 Ballari60 Gadag45 Bengaluru Rural40 Tumakuru36 Kolar29 Haveri24 Chikkamagaluru19 Chitradurga14 Koppal5 Kodagu4 Ramanagara3 Chamarajanagara0 | 9,55,451 436 | 6,834 47 | 9,36,250 478 | 12,367 5 |
DistrictCases Kurnool795 Krishna557 Guntur511 Anantapur428 East Godavari356 Chittoor319 Sri Potti Sriramulu Nell*296 Y.S.R.205 West Godavari199 Srikakulam183 Prakasam104 Visakhapatnam103 Vizianagaram23 | 8,90,766 74 | 1,009 11 | 8,82,581 61 | 7,176 2 |
DistrictCases Chennai23,324 Chengalpattu1,314 Thiruvallur774 Villupuram509 Kanchipuram503 Tiruvannamalai496 Cuddalore477 Ariyalur444 Tirunelveli433 Tuticorin333 Kallakurichi324 Madurai322 Salem258 Coimbatore188 Virudhunagar185 Dindigul175 Perambalur133 Ranipet133 Thanjavur130 Theni129 Tiruchirappalli119 Ramanathapuram119 Tiruppur116 Kanniyakumari110 Tenkasi103 Nagapattinam99 Karur88 Namakkal83 Erode75 Vellore71 Thiruvarur67 Pudukkottai53 Sivaganga46 Tirupathur45 Krishnagiri43 The Nilgiris17 Dharmapuri15 | 8,55,677 556 | 4,018 21 | 8,39,138 532 | 12,521 3 |
DistrictCases North West5,463 Central4,817 West4,768 New Delhi3,405 North3,059 East2,472 South East2,446 South West2,391 South2,329 North East1,914 Shahdara1,580 | 6,41,340 239 | 1,730 73 | 6,28,686 309 | 10,924 3 |
DistrictCases Gautam Buddha Nagar1,119 Agra933 Ghaziabad794 Meerut504 Lucknow386 Saharanpur298 Kanpur Nagar286 Moradabad252 Varanasi243 Hapur225 Aligarh215 Basti214 Amethi206 Rampur203 Jaunpur194 Firozabad190 Barabanki168 Gorakhpur166 Bulandshahr166 Siddharth Nagar159 Ghazipur159 Bijnor157 Deoria143 Azamgarh138 Sant Kabeer Nagar132 Mathura129 Ayodhya120 Muzaffarnagar117 Sambhal116 Sultanpur97 Ambedkar Nagar92 Maharajganj85 Amroha80 Rae Bareli78 Bahraich73 Kheri72 Kannauj69 Baghpat68 Kushi Nagar67 Bhadohi60 Ballia60 Gonda59 Etah52 Hardoi49 Balrampur49 Mau48 Mainpuri46 Etawah46 Hathras43 Unnao42 Jalaun41 Jhansi41 Shamli40 Chandauli38 Auraiya37 Farrukhabad36 Sitapur32 Prayagraj30 Banda27 Shahjahanpur25 Shravasti23 Budaun23 Mirzapur22 Bareilly17 Kasganj16 Pratapgarh15 Pilibhit15 Sonbhadra10 Kaushambi6 Kanpur Dehat4 Chitrakoot4 Lalitpur3 Hamirpur3 Mahoba3 Fatehpur3 | 6,04,380 101 | 1,634 13 | 5,94,008 113 | 8,738 1 |
DistrictCases Kolkata2,777 Howrah1,435 24 Paraganas North1,031 Hooghly604 24 Paraganas South281 Maldah235 Dinajpur Uttar216 Coochbehar210 Birbhum206 Medinipur West159 Medinipur East153 Nadia139 Purba Bardhaman130 Murshidabad125 Bankura116 Darjeeling97 Jalpaiguri88 Paschim Bardhaman70 Purulia66 Dinajpur Dakshin50 Alipurduar39 Kalimpong18 Jhargram9 | 5,76,838 215 | 3,155 8 | 5,63,403 221 | 10,280 2 |
DistrictCases Ganjam581 Jajapur322 Khordha238 Baleshwar190 Kendrapara164 Cuttack155 Bhadrak137 Balangir129 Puri103 Sundargarh102 Jagatsinghapur91 Nayagarh86 Mayurbhanj73 Nuapada69 Gajapati61 Dhenkanal36 Boudh34 Kendujhar34 Deogarh33 Kalahandi33 Sonepur29 Kandhamal28 Anugul26 Malkangiri20 Bargarh16 Koraput16 Sambalpur16 Jharsuguda8 Nabarangpur2 Rayagada2 | 3,37,803 59 | 718 29 | 3,35,168 88 | 1,917 |
DistrictCases Jaipur2,177 Jodhpur1,748 Udaipur724 Bharatpur563 Kota503 Nagaur500 Ajmer379 Dungarpur374 Pali352 Jhalawar329 Bhilwara250 Sikar231 Chittorgarh188 Tonk171 Jalore164 Rajsamand140 Sirohi130 Bikaner112 Banswara91 Alwar90 Churu81 Jhunjhunu64 Dausa61 Dholpur60 Baran59 Jaisalmer53 Barmer34 Hanumangarh31 SawaiMadhopur26 Karauli17 Pratapgarh14 Ganganagar8 Bundi5 | 3,21,711 179 | 1,883 128 | 3,17,039 51 | 2,789 |
DistrictCases Bilaspur100 Korba100 Mungeli87 Baloda Bazar85 Jashpur77 Janjgir-Champa56 Mahasamund54 Rajnandgaon52 Kabirdham52 Raigarh47 Raipur46 Balod41 Korea39 Durg31 Bemetara21 Kanker19 Balrampur17 Surguja14 Gariyaband10 Surajpur9 Dhamtari6 Bijapur2 Bastar2 Dantewada0 Kondagaon0 Narayanpur0 Sukma0 | 3,14,640 320 | 2,919 99 | 3,07,862 220 | 3,859 1 |
DistrictCases Hyderabad2,475 Ranga Reddy183 Suryapet87 Jagitial77 Nizamabad76 MedchalMalkajgiri75 Mancherial43 YadadriBhuvanagiri40 Jogulamba Gadwal40 Vikarabad40 Nalgonda33 Warangal Urban32 Mahabubnagar30 Sangareddy26 Khammam26 Adilabad22 Nirmal21 Karimnagar17 RajannaSircilla16 Medak11 Kamareddy11 Mahabubabad10 Jayashankar Bhupalapally9 Nagarkurnool8 Kumuram Bheem Asifabad8 Jangoan8 Siddipet7 Peddapalli5 Bhadradri Kothagudem5 Warangal Rural4 Mulugu3 Narayanpet3 Wanaparthy1 | 3,00,153 142 | 1,769 38 | 2,96,740 178 | 1,644 2 |
DistrictCases Ahmadabad17,125 Surat2,311 Vadodara1,555 Gandhinagar410 Mahesana159 Banas Kantha147 Bhavnagar146 Rajkot135 Arvalli134 Mahisagar125 Anand107 PanchMahals107 Patan105 SabarKantha101 Kachchh99 Kheda98 Jamnagar63 Bharuch56 Botad55 Surendranagar55 Valsad47 GirSomnath45 Dohad43 Chhotaudepur37 Naysari35 Junagadh31 Narmada25 DevbhumiDwarka22 Amreli16 Porbandar11 Tapi6 Dang5 Morbi4 | 2,73,941 555 | 3,212 72 | 2,66,313 482 | 4,416 1 |
DistrictCases Gurugram2,950 Faridabad867 Sonipat404 Rohtak145 Palwal120 Jhajjar114 Karnal104 Hisar98 Ambala93 Panipat78 Nuh68 Bhiwani60 Rewari56 Kurukshetra55 Sirsa50 Kaithal48 Mahendragarh47 CharkiDadri43 Panchkula39 Fatehabad38 Jind38 Yamunanagar19 | 2,72,751 231 | 2,083 52 | 2,67,610 177 | 3,058 2 |
DistrictCases Indore3,839 Bhopal1,880 Ujjain799 Burhanpur351 Neemuch319 Jabalpur276 East Nimar266 Sagar228 Gwalior211 Khargone196 Dewas140 Dhar132 Mandsaur112 Morena109 Bhind87 Raisen71 Barwani60 Ratlam51 Rewa39 Shajapur39 Hoshangabad37 Vidisha37 Chhatarpur35 Betul35 Rajgarh31 Dindori29 Sheopur26 Damoh26 Satna24 Anuppur22 Panna20 Tikamgarh18 Sidhi17 Narsinghpur17 Chhindwara16 Agar Malwa15 Mandla15 Shivpuri15 Jhabua14 Shandol14 Singrauli13 Ashoknagar13 Datia12 Sehore12 Umaria10 Balaghat9 Guna8 Harda4 Alirajpur3 Katni3 Seoni2 Niwari0 | 2,65,070 427 | 3,638 32 | 2,57,560 394 | 3,872 1 |
DistrictCases Patna279 Bhagalpur266 Rohtas256 Khagaria253 Begusarai243 Madhubani199 Munger188 Jehanabad178 Katihar175 Darbhanga143 Samastipur139 Siwan139 PurbiChamparan138 Purnia135 Banka134 Buxar134 Nalanda123 Gopalganj123 Nawada122 Sheikhpura118 Gaya115 Kaimur (bhabua)105 Bhojpur103 Saran101 Muzaffarpur96 Saharsa88 Supaul87 Vaishali87 Madhepura82 Kishanganj75 Aurangabad75 Sitamarhi73 Lakhisarai72 Araria68 Pashchim Champaran57 Arwal52 Jamui47 Sheohar20 | 2,62,779 21 | 290 23 | 2,60,942 43 | 1,547 1 |
DistrictCases Kamrup Metro276 Golaghat203 Nagaon143 Hojai89 Dima Hasao86 Karimganj85 Tinsukia84 Cachar80 Dibrugarh61 Hailakandi57 Lakhimpur57 Marigaon50 Dhemaji47 Kamrup42 Kokrajhar37 Dhubri30 Charaideo29 Barpeta28 Udalguri28 Sonitpur27 Jorhat24 Nalbari23 Darrang20 Sivasagar20 Goalpara19 Biswanath16 Baksa14 KarbiAnglong13 Bongaigaon12 Chirang6 West KarbiAnglong5 South SalmaraMancachar4 Majuli2 | 2,17,682 14 | 1,624 3 | 2,14,964 17 | 1,094 |
DistrictCases Amritsar485 Jalandhar297 Ludhiana293 Tarn Taran163 Gurdaspur154 Hoshiarpur140 S.A.S Nagar137 Patiala132 Sangrur107 Shahid Bhagat Singh Nagar (Nawanshahr)99 Pathankot86 Rupnagar (Ropar)74 Faridkot74 Sri Muktsar Sahib71 Moga65 Bathinda60 Fatehgarh Sahib57 Fazilka53 Firozepur50 Kapurthala44 Mansa31 Barnala25 | 1,89,620 1,229 | 8,020 523 | 1,75,659 692 | 5,941 14 |
DistrictCases Anantnag395 Srinagar300 Kulgam295 Baramulla271 Shopian255 Kupwara231 Bandipora175 Udhampur155 Ramban151 Jammu138 Budgam110 Pulwama108 Kathua53 Rajouri39 Ganderbal37 Poonch35 Doda27 Reasi26 Samba25 Kishtwar10 Mirpur0 Muzaffarabad0 | 1,27,114 70 | 871 21 | 1,24,280 90 | 1,963 1 |
DistrictCases East Singhbum170 Ranchi148 Hazaribagh110 Garhwa80 Ramgarh75 Koderma58 Simdega48 Dhanbad32 Gumla28 Palamu27 West Singhbhum21 SaraikelaKharsawan20 Giridih19 Bokaro16 Latehar14 Khunti10 Lohardaga8 Deoghar5 Dumka5 Pakur4 Jamtara2 Godda2 Chatra1 Sahebganj0 | 1,20,312 53 | 472 9 | 1,18,747 44 | 1,093 |
DistrictCases Dehradun370 Nainital323 Tehri Garhwal110 Haridwar94 Udam Singh Nagar83 Almora71 Champawat45 Pithoragarh43 Chamoli36 PauriGarhwal36 Bageshwar31 Rudraprayag30 Uttar Kashi24 | 97,480 58 | 662 30 | 95,123 28 | 1,695 |
DistrictCases Hamirpur117 Kangra105 Una41 Solan32 Chamba29 Bilaspur21 Mandi21 Sirmaur11 Shimla10 Kullu4 Kinnaur2 Lahaul And Spiti0 | 59,197 79 | 617 3 | 57,580 73 | 1,000 3 |
DistrictCases South Goa69 North Goa57 | 55,463 54 | 632 56 | 54,032 110 | 799 |
DistrictCases Pondicherry111 Mahe4 Karaikal2 Yanam0 | 39,882 14 | 171 5 | 39,041 19 | 670 |
DistrictCases Dhalai196 Sepahijala174 Gomati74 South Tripura53 Unakoti49 West Tripura45 Khowai24 North Tripura14 | 33,424 | 30 0 | 33,003 | 391 |
DistrictCases Churachandpur32 Kangpokpi26 Imphal West21 Thoubal18 Imphal East10 Tengnoupal9 Bishnupur7 Senapati6 Chandel5 Kamjong5 Ukhrul4 Jiribam3 Pherzawl3 Kakching2 Tamenglong2 Noney1 | 29,296 5 | 29 1 | 28,894 4 | 373 |
DistrictCases Chandigarh313 | 22,397 79 | 725 15 | 21,316 63 | 356 1 |
DistrictCases Changlang31 Papum Pare8 Lohit3 Namsai2 West Siang1 East Siang1 Upper Siang1 Tawang1 PakkeKessang1 West Kameng0 Upper Subansiri0 Tirap0 Siang0 Shi Yomi0 Anjaw0 Lower Subansiri0 Lower Dibang Valley0 Longding0 Leparada0 KurungKumey0 KraDaadi0 Kamle0 East Kameng0 Dibang Valley0 Lower Siang0 | 16,839 | 3 0 | 16,780 | 56 |
DistrictCases East Khasi Hills22 West Garo Hills5 South West Garo Hills4 North Garo Hills1 West Jaintia Hills1 West Khasi Hills1 East Garo Hills0 East Jaintia Hills0 Ribhoi0 South Garo Hills0 South West Khasi Hills0 | 13,973 1 | 12 1 | 13,813 2 | 148 |
DistrictCases Dimapur20 Mon8 Kohima7 Kiphire3 Tuensang3 Peren2 Phek1 Longleng0 Mokokchung0 Wokha0 Zunheboto0 | 12,217 | 19 1 | 12,107 1 | 91 |
DistrictCases Kargil77 LehLadakh43 | 9,833 2 | 44 0 | 9,659 2 | 130 |
DistrictCases East District3 South District3 North District0 West District0 | 6,174 | 50 0 | 5,989 | 135 |
DistrictCases South Andamans33 Nicobars1 North And Middle Andaman1 | 5,026 2 | 7 0 | 4,957 2 | 62 |
DistrictCases Kolasib11 Aizawl10 Mamit8 Lawngtlai2 Lunglei2 Saitual1 Champhai0 Hnahthial0 Khawzawl0 Saiha0 Serchhip0 | 4,432 4 | 10 2 | 4,412 2 | 10 |
DistrictCases Dadra And Nagar Haveli20 | 3,421 5 | 17 5 | 3,402 | 2 |
DistrictCases Lakshadweep District0 | 494 8 | 164 6 | 329 2 | 1 |