Highlights
- mRNA vaccines are called messenger RNA vaccines
- mRNA vaccines send a message to our cells to trigger an immune response
- mRNA vaccines offer a strong immune response: Dr Parikh, Jaslok Hospital
New Delhi: Countries across the globe have started coronavirus vaccination programme in a fight against the COVID-19 disease caused by SARS-CoV-2. On December 11, 2020, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration issued the first emergency use authorisation to Pfizer-BioNTech’s COVID-19 vaccine for its use in the U.S. among individuals 16 years of age and older. Soon Pfizer-BioNTech’s COVID-19 was rolled out in the United Kingdom (U.K.), Canada and several mainland European countries. Other vaccine candidates like Oxford-AstraZeneca’s Covishield, Bharat Biotech’s Covaxin, Moderna’s COVID-19 vaccine among others have also got emergency use licenses in various countries. India too initiated its coronavirus vaccination drive from January 16 with restricted emergency use provided to Covishield and Covaxin. Though all vaccines aim at providing immunity from Novel Coronavirus, they are developed differently. For example, Pfizer-BioNTech’s BNT162b2 and Moderna’s mRNA-1273 use the genetic approach and have developed mRNA (messenger-RNA) vaccines. But what is an mRNA vaccine? NDTV spoke to experts to find out an answer.
What Are mRNA Vaccines And How Do They Work?
To trigger an immune response, many vaccines put a weakened or inactivated germ into our bodies but mRNA vaccines do not work like that. Explaining mRNA vaccines, Dr Rajesh Parikh, Director, Medical Research at Jaslok Hospital and the author of ‘The Vaccine Book for COVID-19’, said,
mRNA Vaccines are in the category of, ‘Subunit, recombinant, polysaccharide, and conjugate vaccines’. These vaccines use specific parts of the infectious agent like its protein, sugar, or coating.
As the name suggests, mRNA or messenger-RNA vaccine gives a message to our cells to make a protein or even just a piece of a protein which are like those of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The protein then triggers an immune response inside our bodies. That immune response, which produces antibodies, is what protects us from getting infected if the real virus enters our bodies.
Further talking about mRNA vaccines, Dr Parikh said,
Because these vaccines use very specific regions, they offer a strong immune response targeting specific regions of the infective agent. They can be used on almost everyone, including those with compromised immunity.
Elaborating more on the immunity provided by mRNA vaccines, Dr Harsh Mahajan, Founder Of Mahajan Imaging and Chairman of CARINGdx, said, as part of its immune response, a human body produces T-cells and B-cells along with antibodies. He said,
T-cells and B-cells are called memory cells and they can retain the memory of infection for life; even after antibodies have faded. Since the memory cells remember the infection, they can trigger a faster and stronger immune response if the body catches the virus. However, in the case of the COVID-19, we don’t know for how long these cells retain memory.
How Are mRNA Vaccines Different From Oxford-AstraZeneca’s Covishield And Bharat Biotech’s Covaxin?
The Coronavirus vaccine developed by Oxford-AstraZeneca is called ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 or AZD1222 or Covishield in India. It is a viral vector vaccine; such vaccines use a safe virus to deliver specific sub-parts called proteins so that it can trigger an immune response without causing disease. The ChAdOx1 vaccine uses a chimpanzee adenovirus vaccine vector that usually causes the common cold in chimpanzees and does not infect humans.
The adenovirus has been weakened to an extent where it becomes incapable of causing an infection. When a vaccine is injected, it creates antigenic reaction and antibodies are formed and immune response of the host comes in, explained Dr Mahajan.
On the other hand, Bharat Biotech’s Covaxin is an inactivated vaccine. As part of the process, disease carrying virus, in the case of COVID-19 it is SARS-CoV-2, is inactivated or killed and then injected.
Inactivated vaccines have been around for ages and one example is polio vaccine, said Dr Mahajan.
Also Read: Oxford COVID-19 Vaccine Candidate Shows 70 Per Cent Efficacy Based On Data Of 11,636 Volunteers
How Are mRNA Vaccines Developed?
Dr Mahajan informed that mRNA vaccines are manufactured in a completely synthetic manner. As per the United States’ Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), since mRNA vaccines do not use the live virus that causes COVID-19, they cannot give someone COVID-19.
How Safe And Efficacious Are mRNA Vaccines?
mRNA vaccines being produced by Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna have undergone the same set of clinical trials as other COVID-19 vaccine candidates. Trial results and efficacy analysis demonstrates Pfizer’s BNT162b2 to be 95 per cent effective against COVID-19. Moderna’s COVID-19 vaccine is also claimed to be 94.1 per cent effective.
On December 31, the World Health Organisation (WHO) listed the COVID-19 mRNA vaccine for emergency use, making the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine the first to receive emergency validation from WHO since the outbreak began a year ago.
Regulatory experts convened by WHO from around the world and WHO’s own teams reviewed the data on the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine’s safety, efficacy and quality as part of a risk-versus-benefit analysis. The review found that the vaccine met the must-have criteria for safety and efficacy set out by WHO, and that the benefits of using the vaccine to address COVID-19 offset potential risks, reads an official statement from WHO.
Also Read: COVID-19 Outbreak Explained: Can COVID-19 Vaccines Fight Against Virus Mutations?
How Many Shots Of mRNA Vaccines Are Required?
Currently, both available mRNA vaccines are two dose vaccines. The second shot is given three to four weeks from the first shot. The first shot gives some immunity; the second shot is a booster dose. According to the experts, it is important to stick to the vaccine schedule.
Do mRNA Vaccines Have Any Side-effect?
Most common side effects that an individual might witness after taking any vaccine are pain, swelling and redness in the arm where the shot is given. A person may also get chills, tiredness and headache. This is the reason, it is recommended to stay put at the vaccination centre for at least half-hour after vaccine inoculation.
mRNA vaccines have slightly more side effects as compared to live attenuated or killed virus vaccines. Significant allergic reactions were reported among two nurses in the U.K. who took Pfizer vaccine shot. These might be sporadic incidence. Generally, severe reactions show within half an hour of taking the shot and they can cause death, alerted Dr Mahajan.
What Are The Pros And Cons Of mRNA Vaccines?
According to Dr Parikh, mRNA is a novel technology and it’s very safe and efficacious. Adding to this, Dr Mahajan said, since mRNA vaccines are developed in a synthetic manner, there is no limitation to the number of vaccines we can manufacture. Further talking about the disadvantages, Dr Mahajan said,
Currently, these vaccines are expensive. Secondly, they need to be stored at an extremely cold temperature like Pfizer’s vaccine requires ultra-cold chain and need to be preserved at -70 degrees Celsius. Similarly, Moderna’s vaccine needs -25°C and -15°C temperature.
According to the CDC, Moderna’s vaccine vials may be stored in the refrigerator between 2°C and 8°C for up to 30 days.
Dr Ravindra M Mehta, Senior Consultant and HOD – Pulmonology and Interventional pulmonology, Apollo Speciality Hospitals Jayanagar, noted that since the technology is being used for the first time, there is a lack of knowledge. He said,
Surprisingly, vaccines are offering over 90 per cent efficacy but there is not much data on their long-term impact. The major advantages of mRNA vaccines are not very clear right now.
Also Read: Coronavirus Outbreak Explained: What Are Mild Symptoms Of COVID-19?
Do mRNA Vaccines Alter Host’s DNA?
According to the experts NDTV spoke to and CDC, mRNA never enters the nucleus of the cell, which is where our DNA (genetic material) is kept. In fact, the cell breaks down and gets rid of the mRNA soon after it is finished using the instructions.
Do We Have mRNA Vaccines For Any Other Disease?
According to the WHO, the nucleic acid approach that delivers a specific set of instructions to our cells is a new way of developing vaccines. Before the COVID-19 pandemic, none had yet been through the full approvals process for use in humans, though some DNA vaccines, including for particular cancers, were undergoing human trials, reads the WHO’s explainer on vaccine development and distribution.
mRNA vaccines have been studied before for influenza, rabies, Zika and cytomegalovirus. Besides mRNA technology has been used in cancer research to trigger immune responses to cancer cells, explained Dr Parikh.
Essentially, the technology has been there but it is the first time a vaccine based on mRNA has been produced and is being used.
Also Read: COVID-19 Pandemic Explained: What Is Reproduction (R) Number And Why Does It Matter?
NDTV – Dettol Banega Swasth India campaign is an extension of the five-year-old Banega Swachh India initiative helmed by Campaign Ambassador Amitabh Bachchan. It aims to spread awareness about critical health issues facing the country. In wake of the current COVID-19 pandemic, the need for WASH (Water, Sanitation and Hygiene) is reaffirmed as handwashing is one of the ways to prevent Coronavirus infection and other diseases. The campaign highlights the importance of nutrition and healthcare for women and children to prevent maternal and child mortality, fight malnutrition, stunting, wasting, anaemia and disease prevention through vaccines. Importance of programmes like Public Distribution System (PDS), Mid-day Meal Scheme, POSHAN Abhiyan and the role of Aganwadis and ASHA workers are also covered. Only a Swachh or clean India where toilets are used and open defecation free (ODF) status achieved as part of the Swachh Bharat Abhiyan launched by Prime Minister Narendra Modi in 2014, can eradicate diseases like diahorrea and become a Swasth or healthy India. The campaign will continue to cover issues like air pollution, waste management, plastic ban, manual scavenging and sanitation workers and menstrual hygiene.
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State & District Details
State | Cases | Active | Recovered | Deaths |
---|---|---|---|---|
DistrictCases Mumbai45,478 Thane13,660 Pune9,920 Mumbai Suburban5,363 Aurangabad1,974 Nashik1,575 Raigad1,462 Palghar1,421 Solapur1,291 Jalgaon1,039 Akola757 Nagpur692 Kolhapur646 Satara629 Ratnagiri350 Amravati291 Dhule228 Hingoli208 Jalna201 Ahmednagar190 Nanded176 Yavatmal150 Sangli145 Latur139 Osmanabad125 Sindhudurg114 Buldhana88 Parbhani78 gondia69 Beed54 Nandurbar42 Gadchiroli42 Bhandara41 Chandrapur32 Washim13 Wardha11 | 21,29,821 8,702 | 65,461 4,902 | 20,12,367 3,744 | 51,993 56 |
DistrictCases Kannur357 Kasaragod333 Palakkad224 Malappuram119 Kollam118 Thrissur106 Thiruvananthapuram104 Pathanamthitta98 Kozhikode90 Alappuzha76 Kottayam73 Ernakulam60 Idukki40 Wayanad36 | 10,48,686 3,677 | 52,164 989 | 9,92,372 4,652 | 4,150 14 |
DistrictCases Udupi1,176 Kalaburagi669 Yadgir538 Bengaluru Urban529 Raichur369 Mandya346 Belagavi337 Bidar219 Hassan205 Davangere204 Vijayapura201 Dakshina Kannada179 Chikkaballapura149 Mysuru107 Bagalkote103 Uttara Kannada95 Shivamogga67 Dharwad61 Ballari60 Gadag45 Bengaluru Rural40 Tumakuru36 Kolar29 Haveri24 Chikkamagaluru19 Chitradurga14 Koppal5 Kodagu4 Ramanagara3 Chamarajanagara0 | 9,49,636 453 | 5,595 501 | 9,31,725 947 | 12,316 7 |
DistrictCases Kurnool795 Krishna557 Guntur511 Anantapur428 East Godavari356 Chittoor319 Sri Potti Sriramulu Nell*296 Y.S.R.205 West Godavari199 Srikakulam183 Prakasam104 Visakhapatnam103 Vizianagaram23 | 8,89,585 82 | 611 8 | 8,81,806 74 | 7,168 |
DistrictCases Chennai23,324 Chengalpattu1,314 Thiruvallur774 Villupuram509 Kanchipuram503 Tiruvannamalai496 Cuddalore477 Ariyalur444 Tirunelveli433 Tuticorin333 Kallakurichi324 Madurai322 Salem258 Coimbatore188 Virudhunagar185 Dindigul175 Perambalur133 Ranipet133 Thanjavur130 Theni129 Tiruchirappalli119 Ramanathapuram119 Tiruppur116 Kanniyakumari110 Tenkasi103 Nagapattinam99 Karur88 Namakkal83 Erode75 Vellore71 Thiruvarur67 Pudukkottai53 Sivaganga46 Tirupathur45 Krishnagiri43 The Nilgiris17 Dharmapuri15 | 8,50,096 467 | 4,053 9 | 8,33,560 471 | 12,483 5 |
DistrictCases North West5,463 Central4,817 West4,768 New Delhi3,405 North3,059 East2,472 South East2,446 South West2,391 South2,329 North East1,914 Shahdara1,580 | 6,38,593 220 | 1,169 32 | 6,26,519 188 | 10,905 |
DistrictCases Gautam Buddha Nagar1,119 Agra933 Ghaziabad794 Meerut504 Lucknow386 Saharanpur298 Kanpur Nagar286 Moradabad252 Varanasi243 Hapur225 Aligarh215 Basti214 Amethi206 Rampur203 Jaunpur194 Firozabad190 Barabanki168 Gorakhpur166 Bulandshahr166 Siddharth Nagar159 Ghazipur159 Bijnor157 Deoria143 Azamgarh138 Sant Kabeer Nagar132 Mathura129 Ayodhya120 Muzaffarnagar117 Sambhal116 Sultanpur97 Ambedkar Nagar92 Maharajganj85 Amroha80 Rae Bareli78 Bahraich73 Kheri72 Kannauj69 Baghpat68 Kushi Nagar67 Bhadohi60 Ballia60 Gonda59 Etah52 Hardoi49 Balrampur49 Mau48 Mainpuri46 Etawah46 Hathras43 Unnao42 Jalaun41 Jhansi41 Shamli40 Chandauli38 Auraiya37 Farrukhabad36 Sitapur32 Prayagraj30 Banda27 Shahjahanpur25 Shravasti23 Budaun23 Mirzapur22 Bareilly17 Kasganj16 Pratapgarh15 Pilibhit15 Sonbhadra10 Kaushambi6 Kanpur Dehat4 Chitrakoot4 Lalitpur3 Hamirpur3 Mahoba3 Fatehpur3 | 6,03,232 129 | 2,182 8 | 5,92,327 135 | 8,723 2 |
DistrictCases Kolkata2,777 Howrah1,435 24 Paraganas North1,031 Hooghly604 24 Paraganas South281 Maldah235 Dinajpur Uttar216 Coochbehar210 Birbhum206 Medinipur West159 Medinipur East153 Nadia139 Purba Bardhaman130 Murshidabad125 Bankura116 Darjeeling97 Jalpaiguri88 Paschim Bardhaman70 Purulia66 Dinajpur Dakshin50 Alipurduar39 Kalimpong18 Jhargram9 | 5,74,500 199 | 3,353 24 | 5,60,887 219 | 10,260 4 |
DistrictCases Ganjam581 Jajapur322 Khordha238 Baleshwar190 Kendrapara164 Cuttack155 Bhadrak137 Balangir129 Puri103 Sundargarh102 Jagatsinghapur91 Nayagarh86 Mayurbhanj73 Nuapada69 Gajapati61 Dhenkanal36 Boudh34 Kendujhar34 Deogarh33 Kalahandi33 Sonepur29 Kandhamal28 Anugul26 Malkangiri20 Bargarh16 Koraput16 Sambalpur16 Jharsuguda8 Nabarangpur2 Rayagada2 | 3,36,924 89 | 609 21 | 3,34,400 67 | 1,915 1 |
DistrictCases Jaipur2,177 Jodhpur1,748 Udaipur724 Bharatpur563 Kota503 Nagaur500 Ajmer379 Dungarpur374 Pali352 Jhalawar329 Bhilwara250 Sikar231 Chittorgarh188 Tonk171 Jalore164 Rajsamand140 Sirohi130 Bikaner112 Banswara91 Alwar90 Churu81 Jhunjhunu64 Dausa61 Dholpur60 Baran59 Jaisalmer53 Barmer34 Hanumangarh31 SawaiMadhopur26 Karauli17 Pratapgarh14 Ganganagar8 Bundi5 | 3,19,929 128 | 1,208 4 | 3,15,936 124 | 2,785 |
DistrictCases Bilaspur100 Korba100 Mungeli87 Baloda Bazar85 Jashpur77 Janjgir-Champa56 Mahasamund54 Rajnandgaon52 Kabirdham52 Raigarh47 Raipur46 Balod41 Korea39 Durg31 Bemetara21 Kanker19 Balrampur17 Surguja14 Gariyaband10 Surajpur9 Dhamtari6 Bijapur2 Bastar2 Dantewada0 Kondagaon0 Narayanpur0 Sukma0 | 3,11,900 220 | 2,865 46 | 3,05,214 258 | 3,821 8 |
DistrictCases Hyderabad2,475 Ranga Reddy183 Suryapet87 Jagitial77 Nizamabad76 MedchalMalkajgiri75 Mancherial43 YadadriBhuvanagiri40 Jogulamba Gadwal40 Vikarabad40 Nalgonda33 Warangal Urban32 Mahabubnagar30 Sangareddy26 Khammam26 Adilabad22 Nirmal21 Karimnagar17 RajannaSircilla16 Medak11 Kamareddy11 Mahabubabad10 Jayashankar Bhupalapally9 Nagarkurnool8 Kumuram Bheem Asifabad8 Jangoan8 Siddipet7 Peddapalli5 Bhadradri Kothagudem5 Warangal Rural4 Mulugu3 Narayanpet3 Wanaparthy1 | 2,98,453 189 | 1,910 58 | 2,94,911 129 | 1,632 2 |
DistrictCases Gurugram2,950 Faridabad867 Sonipat404 Rohtak145 Palwal120 Jhajjar114 Karnal104 Hisar98 Ambala93 Panipat78 Nuh68 Bhiwani60 Rewari56 Kurukshetra55 Sirsa50 Kaithal48 Mahendragarh47 CharkiDadri43 Panchkula39 Fatehabad38 Jind38 Yamunanagar19 | 2,70,263 166 | 1,054 99 | 2,66,166 67 | 3,043 |
DistrictCases Ahmadabad17,125 Surat2,311 Vadodara1,555 Gandhinagar410 Mahesana159 Banas Kantha147 Bhavnagar146 Rajkot135 Arvalli134 Mahisagar125 Anand107 PanchMahals107 Patan105 SabarKantha101 Kachchh99 Kheda98 Jamnagar63 Bharuch56 Botad55 Surendranagar55 Valsad47 GirSomnath45 Dohad43 Chhotaudepur37 Naysari35 Junagadh31 Narmada25 DevbhumiDwarka22 Amreli16 Porbandar11 Tapi6 Dang5 Morbi4 | 2,68,571 424 | 1,991 122 | 2,62,172 301 | 4,408 1 |
DistrictCases Patna279 Bhagalpur266 Rohtas256 Khagaria253 Begusarai243 Madhubani199 Munger188 Jehanabad178 Katihar175 Darbhanga143 Samastipur139 Siwan139 PurbiChamparan138 Purnia135 Banka134 Buxar134 Nalanda123 Gopalganj123 Nawada122 Sheikhpura118 Gaya115 Kaimur (bhabua)105 Bhojpur103 Saran101 Muzaffarpur96 Saharsa88 Supaul87 Vaishali87 Madhepura82 Kishanganj75 Aurangabad75 Sitamarhi73 Lakhisarai72 Araria68 Pashchim Champaran57 Arwal52 Jamui47 Sheohar20 | 2,62,418 61 | 478 31 | 2,60,401 91 | 1,539 1 |
DistrictCases Indore3,839 Bhopal1,880 Ujjain799 Burhanpur351 Neemuch319 Jabalpur276 East Nimar266 Sagar228 Gwalior211 Khargone196 Dewas140 Dhar132 Mandsaur112 Morena109 Bhind87 Raisen71 Barwani60 Ratlam51 Rewa39 Shajapur39 Hoshangabad37 Vidisha37 Chhatarpur35 Betul35 Rajgarh31 Dindori29 Sheopur26 Damoh26 Satna24 Anuppur22 Panna20 Tikamgarh18 Sidhi17 Narsinghpur17 Chhindwara16 Agar Malwa15 Mandla15 Shivpuri15 Jhabua14 Shandol14 Singrauli13 Ashoknagar13 Datia12 Sehore12 Umaria10 Balaghat9 Guna8 Harda4 Alirajpur3 Katni3 Seoni2 Niwari0 | 2,60,681 368 | 2,435 165 | 2,54,387 201 | 3,859 2 |
DistrictCases Kamrup Metro276 Golaghat203 Nagaon143 Hojai89 Dima Hasao86 Karimganj85 Tinsukia84 Cachar80 Dibrugarh61 Hailakandi57 Lakhimpur57 Marigaon50 Dhemaji47 Kamrup42 Kokrajhar37 Dhubri30 Charaideo29 Barpeta28 Udalguri28 Sonitpur27 Jorhat24 Nalbari23 Darrang20 Sivasagar20 Goalpara19 Biswanath16 Baksa14 KarbiAnglong13 Bongaigaon12 Chirang6 West KarbiAnglong5 South SalmaraMancachar4 Majuli2 | 2,17,484 30 | 1,623 17 | 2,14,770 13 | 1,091 |
DistrictCases Amritsar485 Jalandhar297 Ludhiana293 Tarn Taran163 Gurdaspur154 Hoshiarpur140 S.A.S Nagar137 Patiala132 Sangrur107 Shahid Bhagat Singh Nagar (Nawanshahr)99 Pathankot86 Rupnagar (Ropar)74 Faridkot74 Sri Muktsar Sahib71 Moga65 Bathinda60 Fatehgarh Sahib57 Fazilka53 Firozepur50 Kapurthala44 Mansa31 Barnala25 | 1,80,382 563 | 3,870 272 | 1,70,713 278 | 5,799 13 |
DistrictCases Anantnag395 Srinagar300 Kulgam295 Baramulla271 Shopian255 Kupwara231 Bandipora175 Udhampur155 Ramban151 Jammu138 Budgam110 Pulwama108 Kathua53 Rajouri39 Ganderbal37 Poonch35 Doda27 Reasi26 Samba25 Kishtwar10 Mirpur0 Muzaffarabad0 | 1,26,201 108 | 820 49 | 1,23,426 59 | 1,955 |
DistrictCases East Singhbum170 Ranchi148 Hazaribagh110 Garhwa80 Ramgarh75 Koderma58 Simdega48 Dhanbad32 Gumla28 Palamu27 West Singhbhum21 SaraikelaKharsawan20 Giridih19 Bokaro16 Latehar14 Khunti10 Lohardaga8 Deoghar5 Dumka5 Pakur4 Jamtara2 Godda2 Chatra1 Sahebganj0 | 1,19,795 76 | 467 36 | 1,18,241 40 | 1,087 |
DistrictCases Dehradun370 Nainital323 Tehri Garhwal110 Haridwar94 Udam Singh Nagar83 Almora71 Champawat45 Pithoragarh43 Chamoli36 PauriGarhwal36 Bageshwar31 Rudraprayag30 Uttar Kashi24 | 97,031 | 491 0 | 94,850 | 1,690 |
DistrictCases Hamirpur117 Kangra105 Una41 Solan32 Chamba29 Bilaspur21 Mandi21 Sirmaur11 Shimla10 Kullu4 Kinnaur2 Lahaul And Spiti0 | 58,499 42 | 244 15 | 57,260 27 | 995 |
DistrictCases South Goa69 North Goa57 | 54,771 71 | 531 36 | 53,449 33 | 791 2 |
DistrictCases Pondicherry111 Mahe4 Karaikal2 Yanam0 | 39,677 21 | 196 7 | 38,814 13 | 667 1 |
DistrictCases Dhalai196 Sepahijala174 Gomati74 South Tripura53 Unakoti49 West Tripura45 Khowai24 North Tripura14 | 33,407 7 | 32 7 | 32,984 | 391 |
DistrictCases Churachandpur32 Kangpokpi26 Imphal West21 Thoubal18 Imphal East10 Tengnoupal9 Bishnupur7 Senapati6 Chandel5 Kamjong5 Ukhrul4 Jiribam3 Pherzawl3 Kakching2 Tamenglong2 Noney1 | 29,253 3 | 40 1 | 28,840 4 | 373 |
DistrictCases Chandigarh313 | 21,590 49 | 279 29 | 20,960 20 | 351 |
DistrictCases Changlang31 Papum Pare8 Lohit3 Namsai2 West Siang1 East Siang1 Upper Siang1 Tawang1 PakkeKessang1 West Kameng0 Upper Subansiri0 Tirap0 Siang0 Shi Yomi0 Anjaw0 Lower Subansiri0 Lower Dibang Valley0 Longding0 Leparada0 KurungKumey0 KraDaadi0 Kamle0 East Kameng0 Dibang Valley0 Lower Siang0 | 16,836 | 3 1 | 16,777 1 | 56 |
DistrictCases East Khasi Hills22 West Garo Hills5 South West Garo Hills4 North Garo Hills1 West Jaintia Hills1 West Khasi Hills1 East Garo Hills0 East Jaintia Hills0 Ribhoi0 South Garo Hills0 South West Khasi Hills0 | 13,961 3 | 20 2 | 13,793 1 | 148 |
DistrictCases Dimapur20 Mon8 Kohima7 Kiphire3 Tuensang3 Peren2 Phek1 Longleng0 Mokokchung0 Wokha0 Zunheboto0 | 12,198 6 | 13 5 | 12,094 1 | 91 |
DistrictCases Kargil77 LehLadakh43 | 9,814 7 | 56 3 | 9,628 4 | 130 |
DistrictCases East District3 South District3 North District0 West District0 | 6,133 1 | 43 4 | 5,955 5 | 135 |
DistrictCases South Andamans33 Nicobars1 North And Middle Andaman1 | 5,016 | 2 2 | 4,952 2 | 62 |
DistrictCases Kolasib11 Aizawl10 Mamit8 Lawngtlai2 Lunglei2 Saitual1 Champhai0 Hnahthial0 Khawzawl0 Saiha0 Serchhip0 | 4,419 6 | 27 4 | 4,382 2 | 10 |
DistrictCases Dadra And Nagar Haveli20 | 3,405 1 | 5 1 | 3,398 | 2 |
DistrictCases Lakshadweep District0 | 331 9 | 86 0 | 244 8 | 1 1 |